Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis Cases in Children Aged 0 to 15 Years in Burkina Faso from 2008 to 2018

Ismaël Diallo *

Hôpital de Jour (HIV Patient Care)/ Division of Internal Medicine, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Eric Arnaud Diendéré

Division of Internal Medicine, Bogodogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Abdoulaye Sawadogo

Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional University Hospital, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso.

Modeste Bouda

Hôpital de Jour (HIV Patient Care)/ Division of Internal Medicine, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Abdoul Gafourou Arsène Ouédraogo

Division of Infectious Diseases, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Jacques Zoungrana

Division of Infectious Diseases, Souro SANOU University Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

Mamoudou Savadogo

Division of Infectious Diseases, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Smaïla Ouédraogo

Department of Public Health, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial meningitis done represent a major public health concern especially within the meningitis belt. In 2019, Hemophilus influenzae (Hi) was responsible for 8% of meningitis cases in the ECOWAS zone. In Burkina Faso, the vaccine against type b Hi was introduced in the broad vaccine program since 2006. The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of Hi meningitis from 2008 to 2018 in Burkina Faso. 

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional repetitive study between June and December 2020. We collected all cases of bacterial meningitis due to Hi that were confirmed through culture, Gram coloration, PCR, or latex agglutination, and were recorded in the database of the epidemiologic surveillance from January 2008 to December 2018 in Burkina Faso.

Results: An overall number of 177 cases of Hi meningitis was recorded; Hi (4.04%), was the third cause of meningitis after pneumococcus (59.85%) and meningococcus (35.01%). The number of Hi meningitis cases declined through the years but still remained high despite a vaccine coverage that almost reaches 100%.  The disease is present throughout the year with an outburst during the dry season. The children from 3 months to three years were mostly affected (55.93%) and the “Boucle du Mouhoun” was the region that reported the highest number of cases (18.08%). The stereotypes that were identified included Hib (55.38%) and non b Hi (14.69%). The disease prognosis was unfavorable in the absence of treatment in 33.39% of cases.

Conclusion: Despite the good vaccine coverage, there is a persistence of Hi meningitis cases with a number of regions more affected than others. It appears useful to supervise vaccine campaign and conduct immunologic studies on vaccine efficacy on this fragile population that carries the burden of other diseases such as malaria, besides Hi meningitis.

Keywords: Characteristics, meningitis, Hemophilus influenzae, children, Burkina Faso


How to Cite

Diallo, Ismaël, Eric Arnaud Diendéré, Abdoulaye Sawadogo, Modeste Bouda, Abdoul Gafourou Arsène Ouédraogo, Jacques Zoungrana, Mamoudou Savadogo, and Smaïla Ouédraogo. 2024. “Characteristics of Haemophilus Influenzae Meningitis Cases in Children Aged to 15 Years in Burkina Faso from 2008 to 2018”. Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases 15 (10):26-35. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i10379.